The purpose of the present study was to design a model for developing the Personal brand of Iranian sports coaches. The research population in the qualitative section was comprised of professors, experts, and experts in the field of sports marketing and branding along with the professional coaches of Iran. Moreover, the research sample of the quantitative section was made of 253 coaches, managers, athletes, fans, media, and economic and marketing activists, especially in the field of branding. In the qualitative section, article reviews and deep and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. The findings of the qualitative section were compiled in the form of 78 concepts, 22 categories, and 6 dimensions, and indicated that Personality, coach’s behavioral approach, communication, market approach, coach’s expertise, performance, and skill, and macro levels are the most important factors influencing the development of Iranian sports coaches’ Personal brand. Therefore, coaches, managers, and sports marketers of Iran can rely on these factors and the model of this research to provide the necessary platform for the development of Iranian sports coaches’ Personal brand and increase their income and credibility.

Although the branding literature has focused on large corporations, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs)-which are one of the foundations of economic prosperity-have unique features such as the strong role of the entrepreneur that differ their branding process from large corporations. Since SME’ s brand is influenced by its entrepreneur and founder [13, 26, 44], entrepreneur’ s Personal brand, a concept which includes his traits, values and role, is defined here as a key variable and its impact on SME’ s brand will be reviewed. The framework is developed from literature review, semi-structured interviews and focus groups, and the results are obtained from questionnaires distributed among entrepreneurial SMEs in Tehran province as the major center for entrepreneurial SMEs and Yazd province as another province known for its competitiveness. The model is analyzed via structural equations model using Lisrel software. The results confirm that entrepreneur’ s Personal brand affects SME’ s total brand, via entrepreneur’ s influence.

The present investigation aimed to investigate the impacts of effective components on Personal brands based on individual competencies in the framework of cultural, social and professional components. The collected data was obtained from 94 persons who owned brands in Iran in 2013 by using researcher made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by employing Cronbach’ s alpha method, which was 0. 85. The structural validity was used to check the reliability of it, and the results validated the research tool. The data was analyzed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Smart PLS software and Multiple Regression (MP), and the final model was presented in this paper. The results of the present research demonstrated the proper fit of the model based on the effect of the dimensions of cultural, social and professional components and their subdirectories on Personal brands based onindividual competencies in the fields of knowledge, skill and attitude.

Despite the holding of numerous elections in Iran, studies of Personal-political brand creation and management as an interdisciplinary field have not been given serious attention. Senior political officials are placed in executive positions, but there is no model for macro-evaluation of behaviors in Personal-political brands. the role of individual agency in policymaking and politics is expanding day by day due to the development of new communication technologies.The purpose of this article is to introduce a model for recognizing and evaluating "the approaches of Personal-political brands in Iran", The basic question related to the purpose of the research is: " Are there criteria for identifying the brand mobility of senior political officials?" Did you evaluate their political tendencies? In order to achieve the goal of the research, biographies, pictures and election films of four Personal-political brands who have had a history of participating in election contests and holding the post of president during the last three decades has been examined. First, in order to obtain the internal and external characteristics of political officials, in three separate stages, the effective components in biographies, selected images and election clips of brands have been extracted and analyzed by thematic analysis method. Finally, by collecting 58 effective components in the conceptual regularity tables, twelve criteria have been presented under the name of mobility evaluation model of the Personal-political brand. From the perspective of political communication knowledge, by using this model, differences and similarities in important approaches and decision-making styles of Personal-political brands are evaluated.

The purpose of this study was to design a Personal brand Competencies Model for Professional Sports Coaches in Iran. The method of research is qualitative and based on grounded theory. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection and Data analysis was performed using Strauss and Corbin Paradigm model. The method of sampling was theoretical and with the use of purposeful techniques (judgments) and snowball (chains). Based on this, 23 interviews were performed with sports instructors, sport managers, sports psychologists and sports sociologists. Data analysis was done using grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin method) in tree step: open, axial and selective coding. 24 categories and 243 concepts were identified and extracted from open coding and axial coding process. The results of the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews during the open, axial and selective coding process led to the establishment of the Data – foundation theory on the Personal brand competencies of the professional sports coaches of Iran. The professional competencies of coaches, the internal and external factors shaping the behavior of coaches as the basic concepts of achieving the model of competencies of the Personal brand of professional sports coaches of Iran have been mentioned.

Objective: Previous studies have only investigated the antecedents of branding and disregarded its consequences as well as the individual brand of the entrepreneurs; they have also implemented quantitative approaches. In addition, the foreign research has only examined the factors affecting the formation of individual brand. Therefore, it was necessary for a comprehensive analysis of all the factors affecting individual branding and its outcomes in order to categorize these factors and propose them in the form of a conceptual model. This study intends to identify the set of factors that have played a role in branding of the entrepreneurs in order to provide the grounds for individual branding of other entrepreneurs. Therefore, the main purpose of the present research is to develop a comprehensive model to identify the factors affecting the individual branding of the entrepreneurs in Isfahan and its consequences. The results of this study can be useful for the formation of brands for the people, especially entrepreneurs who seek to develop Personal brand, reputation, popularity and business success and even seek to improve the brand of their own product. Methodology: This research is developmental in term of purpose and fundamental-exploratory in terms of method. Moreover, it has used a mixed method approach (combination of qualitative and quantitative methods), which is qualitative in the first phase and is presented in a quantitative manner in the second phase. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative part of the study; however, purposeful sampling method was ipplied in the qualitative part of this research. The statistical population of this study included the entrepreneurs who have been identified by the Chamber of Commerce, industry experts, and the unions as individual brands in the field of entrepreneurship in Isfahan. According to the saturation approach, a sample size of 18 people was considered adequate for this study. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by human resources experts, in the quantitative part and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha value of 0. 86. Findings: In this study, 225 primary codes were identified in the interview process. The initial codes were then packaged and sorted until 97 selection codes were obtained. As a result, 12 sub-themes and 4 main themes were extracted. Based on the obtained model, two categories of factors have been effective in formation of the individual brand among the entrepreneurs in Isfahan: internal factors including Personality, competence and appearance factors as well as external factors including organizational, social, and family factors. The consequences of Individual brand also included individual, organizational, and social implications; finally, individual brand dimensions included the influence, reputation, and trust of the individual brand. Conclusion: The results showed that it is necessary to pay attention to both internal and external factors for the formation of individual branding. Internal factors are related to the individuals and the external factors are related to the environment. The results also showed that the most important element of individual branding is the distinction of that particular individual from the others which can be observed in a specific field or an individual competence in a particular field. Individual branding will not make sense as long as there is no individual distinction. The results further indicated the important role of society and community in word-of-mouth advertisement and the power of social networks that can be important and effective in individual branding. Such individual brands can also have consequences which can benefit themselves, the organization, or even the community.

The problem of Personal identity among others may stem from the following question—what does be the person that you are, from one day to the next, necessarily consist of? The diachronic problem of Personal identity raises question on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the identity of the person over time. The synchronic problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. To answer these questions, John Locke discarded the soul and the body as necessary and sufficient substances for Personal identity over time. He accepted consciousness as the only criterion for Personal identity; the only thing capable of remaining the same and preserving Personal identity through change. Though Locke’s argument is somewhat clear and coherent but what remains vague and incoherent is embedded in the question—what exactly is consciousness? How and why should it be the basis or criterion for the determination of Personal identity? Using the method of critical analysis, I argue that Locke’s choice of consciousness as the determinant of Personal identity, though quite novel, is incoherent and vague. Secondly, Locke had already presumed and anticipated clearly though fallaciously the very thing he wishes to substantiate. I therefore conclude that Locke’s argument is just another way of trying to escape but inadvertently prolonging the difficulty of apparently articulating a distinction between the psychological approach and physiological approach to the problem of Personal identity. However, in my submission, I propose the concept of the “other” as alternative approach— a sort of an extrinsic-intrinsic approach to the problem of Personal identity.

Attributing the Personal characteristics and their expertise to business brand is a way in which can have a major role in the competitive business environment as brands. On the other words, branding your competencies is a smart way to present and brand yourself and can secure your future in the work world as well. The present research work aimed to study the impact of effective components on obtaining Personal brand based on individual competencies by considering cultural, social and professional components. The collected data was obtained from 94 qualified persons having professional Personal brand. The reliability of the researcher made questionnaires was calculated by applying Cronbach’s alpha method, which was 0.85. The structural validity was used to check the reliability of it, and the results validated the research tool. The data was analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Smart PLS software and Multiple Regression (MP), and the final model was presented in this paper. The results of the present research demonstrated the proper fit of the model based on the effect of the dimensions of cultural, social and professional components and their subdirectories on Personal brands based on individual competencies in the fields of knowledge, skill and attitude.

The purpose of this research is to design a model to determine factors effecting on formation of Personal brand between entrepreneurs in Isfahan city. This research is a kind of developing research based on the goal and based on the method is a basic-exploratory research that is done in a qualitative manner. The statistical population of the research includes 18 Personal brands of entrepreneurs in Isfahan city that had been selected in the purposeful sampling and with attention to the saturation rule. The method of data collection is interview. The findings of the research in the qualitative section indicate that two categories of internal factor and external factors have influenced the formation of Personal brand among entrepreneurs in Isfahan. Internal factor consist of apparent, Personality and competency factor that arise from person and is not related to the invironment. External factors consist of social, organizational and familial factor that rooted in environmental factor. Also, Personal brand consist of individual, organizational and social outcomes. If the outcome related to person is as an individual out come, and if is related to organization is know as organizational and if it is related to environment is call as environmental factor. Findings in the quantitative part of the research show that internal factor and external factors with impact factor of 52. and 54. have influenced the formation of Personal brand and Personal brand. Personal brand with impact factor of. 58 influenced on Personal brand outcomes.

Instagram has increasingly become a tool for sharing visual content for professional athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use Instagram as a Personal brand management tool for professional athletes. The method of qualitative research was quantitative content analysis. 472 Instagram posts of two professional footballers (Cristiano Ronaldo & Lionel Messi) were analyzed, in which the photos were categorized based on product-related & non-product-related attributes. Statistical analysis included analyzing the content of Instagram posts & examining the number of likes & comments on the athletes' Instagram page. The findings showed,for both athletes, posts with non-product-related features were significantly more shared than posts with product-related features on Instagram. The number of likes on posts with product-related attributes was significantly higher than the number of likes on posts with non-product-related features for both athletes. Also, the number of comments in posts with product-unrelated attributes content was significantly higher than the number of comments in product-related attributes posts for both athletes. This study shows that Instagram facilitates the understanding of how fans engage & interact with posts related to athlete brand attributes, & fans can play a more active role in the athlete brand building process through likes& comments. Based on this, it is suggested that professional athletes should have a greater understanding of the semiotics of images for posts in order to increase the number of comments & likes of their fans.